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Afghanistan's adults unanimously say
they are tired of fighting, but their children seem to enjoy
the numerous paraphernalia of war, from tanks to heavy guns to
grandfathers' rifles, that one can encounter virtually everywhere,
from one's home to a village maidan. And even if the peace
that has finally come to that country is there to stay, it will
take many years before we see a generation who would rather bake
cakes out of mud or build castles in the sand.
Soviet tanks and APCs provide top entertainment
for small kids who set up their playgrounds near the armored
vehicles or their rusting remains that lie scattered around Northern
Afghanistan, which saw fierce fighting in the 1980s.
In the Panjsher Valley, broken tanks are
used as support pillars for bridges, as dam structures - or as
big toys for numerous local boys who spend hours balancing on
the barrels or playing hide-and-seek in the turrets.
The problem, if anyone in Afghanistan believes
it is a problem, is that fathers, who fought almost non-stop
over the past twenty years,
still keep their Kalashnikovs and other guns at home, despite
numerous attempts by authorities to disarm the local population.
This practice encourages children to regard weapons at home as
something normal. Kids, at times emboldened by their fathers,
like playing with weapons, which often are loaded, although,
to be fair, I've never heard of any cases of children being hurt
at home. Children do get wounded and even killed when they find
unexploded devices or land mines in the fields, near the roads,
or in other outdoor locations where they come to play. Afghanistan
is believed to have ten million pieces of unexploded ammunition,
a lot of work for demining specialists for many years. Visitors
to the country are advised - at least I would advise them - not
to walk in the fields or look for toilet facilities in ruined
houses while on the road and in urgent need to answer the call
of nature. You may be in for a nasty surprise when you least
expect it: with your pants down.
Sure enough, education, as far as intolerance
towards weapons is concerned, doesn't begin at home. Although
most parents don't want their children to be warriors like themselves,
but wish them to grow in peace and become teachers or engineers,
they tend to mistrust the government's disarmament efforts, which
began nationwide in early 2002, out of fear for their safety
in a country that remains divided along ethnic and religious
lines. According to this logic, being able to handle a gun remains
one of the top priorities for boys.
At the height of the Northern Alliance's
war against the Taliban regime in 2001, I saw fighters as young
as 14 years old, who proudly displayed their Kalashnikov assault
rifles and deftly manipulated powerful anti-aircraft guns and
other weaponry.
In the town of Khawak in the Hindu Kush
mountains, through which my colleagues and I were traveling by
car from the Panjsher Valley to Feyzabad, the capital of Badakhshan Province, the trip I'm
going to describe later in my Web-based narrative, we met a diminutive
16-year-old boy, Hakimmudin, who told us of his "lifelong"
dream: to get an AK-47. For now he had to make do with his great-grandfather's
vintage rifle, apparently manufactured by the British circa 1900.
Its barrel and all other metal parts were properly oiled, while
the wooden butt was lovingly wrapped in purple velvet. Khawak
was pretty far from the front line, so we only hoped Hakimmudin
would never have to shoot at his Taliban pals, the more so since
the confrontation between the Northern Alliance and its adversaries
was drawing to an end. It is worth mentioning that the AK-47
and numerous other automatic weapons, designed by Soviet engineer
Mikhail Kalashnikov, were commonly used by all the warring parties
in Afghanistan. As a matter of fact, not just in Afghanistan:
armies in fifty countries are armed with Kalashnikov-designed
guns. A total of sixty million people are estimated to have been
killed by this family of deadly weapons all over the world in
numerous armed conflicts since the first model, AK-47, rolled
off the assembly line in 1949. The fact that "Kalashnikov"
was not merely a piece of weaponry, but also a proper name, always
bewildered my Afghan interlocutors. And when I started my conversation
by saying that my news organization interviewed Mr. Kalashnikov
back in Russia and that I personally met the 82-year-old weapons
designer, I got such an astounding and sympathetic reaction that
I thought one would never be able even to invent a better way
to win confidence of any field commander or foot soldier, no
matter how tense or unwelcome they might have seemed
to be at first sight. All too often I had to resort to this trick
again and again to establish a new relationship and win friends
as my job took me to other places around Afghanistan and other
countries, including my native Russia.
Not infrequently, mujahedeen asked
me to photograph them, even though I used a digital camera and
they never expected to get pictures. But those were offers I
never refused, especially since they usually came from both partners:
Kalashnikov and its owner. Afghans,
at least those who live in Northern Afghanistan, are very friendly
people who don't hold the grudge for long. On learning I was
Russian, many fighters routinely inquired if I served in the
Soviet army during its occupation of Afghanistan. First, I thought
I was lucky that I didn't (I completed my mandatory military
service a year before the 1979-1989 Afghan War), as I probably
wouldn't have had the heart to confront my former enemies in
the new capacity as journalist. Sometimes, however, I wished
I had served in Afghanistan during the war, because in this case
my discussions with muhajedeen would have been more personal.
It's not that I regret not having volunteered to go to Afghan.
Afghan fighters eagerly described their
experience fighting the Soviets, or putting up with the Soviets
when they were not able to fight. One young man, whose father
was a mujahed in the 1980s, told me the Shuravi
were funny. "They would come into the village and ask people:
dost or basmach? Then they would kill those who
said they were basmach..." "But
what was so funny about that?" I asked in disbelief. "Everybody
in the village was a basmach, of course." In Russian,
the Turkic word "basmach," borrowed in the 1920s when
Soviet Russia was fighting for control of Central Asia, has come
to mean "bandit" or "anti-government rebel."
In most languages spoken in Afghanistan, the word means "warrior."
"Dost," of course, means "friend." Continuing
the linguistic discussion, I must mention that Russian-speaking
Afghans who learned the language during the Soviet occupation,
or, more often, from their parents who learned some bits and
pieces of the Russian language from the Soviet soldiers, also
misuse Russian words a lot or misunderstand their true meaning
or connotations, thus creating very funny situations. Once in
a bazaar in Jabal os-Saraj, a young and polite Afghan
man suggested a Russian female reporter buy a gold, rather than
silver, bracelet, because, in his opinion, she was rolling
in dough up to her dick, as I would roughly translate this
typical Russian expression into English. Needless to say, he
had no intention to offend the lady of the press; all he meant
was that she must have had a lot of money and was able to afford
buying a more expensive piece of junk.
Wahid Aghro is only 20 years
old, but he is already an experienced fighter of the Northern
Alliance army. He sits near a Soviet-built multiple rocket launcher
targeted on Taliban positions near Kabul. October 2001.
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